History New Jersey Posted by whiskey tour
Since ancient times, the
territory of New Jersey has been inhabited by the Len ape Indians. Europe colonization
of this area began with the expedition of Henry Hudson in 1609. Part of the
state was settled by the Dutch, part by the Swedes, resulting in the formation
of the New Netherlands and New Sweden. The colonists were mainly engaged in the
mechanic trade. In the early years, they quite peacefully communicated with the
Indians, as they needed them for the success of their business. The Indians
caught animals, brought their fur and skin for exchange. It can be said that
the Lenape tribe was the colony's first trading partner. Whiskey tour has a mission to people.
The earliest Dutch settlements were built around 1613 by the crew
of the ship "Tijger" under the command of Captain Adrian Block. Soon
the first fort was built - Nassau’s, as a center of trade with the Lenape
Indians and the Iroquois. In 1624, New Netherlands became a province of the
Dutch Republic. The Dutch gave names to the three main rivers of their
province: the South River (Zuyd Riviera or South River), the North River (Noort
Rivier or North River), and the Fresh River (Versche Rivier or Fresh River).
The colony was in dire need of an influx of population. To this end, in May
1624, a West Indian company brought 30 families to Fort Orange and Noten Eylant
(now Governors Island) at the mouth of the North River. They arrived on the New
Netherland under the command of Cornelis Jacobsz May, who became the first
governor of the New Netherlands colony. The following year, he was replaced by
Willem Verhulst. In 1625, 45 more colonists arrived at Noten Eylant on three
ships called the Horse, Cow and Sheep, which carried, in addition to humans,
103 horses, bulls, cows, pigs and sheep. The settlers were settled in various
garrisons built along the territory: upstream to Fort Orange on the Fresh River
and to Fort Wilhelmus on the South River. The settlers included not only the
Dutch, but also the Walloons, French Huguenots, and African slaves. The
settlers were settled in various garrisons built along the territory: upstream
to Fort Orange on the Fresh River and to Fort Wilhelmus on the South River. The
settlers included not only the Dutch, but also the Walloons, French Huguenots,
and African slaves. The settlers were settled in various garrisons built along
the territory: upstream to Fort Orange on the Fresh River and to Fort Wilhelmus
on the South River. The settlers included not only the Dutch, but also the
Walloons, French Huguenots, and African slaves.
In 1626, Peter Minuit became governor, who made a decision that
determined the future of the colony. Initially, it was assumed that the capital
of the colony will be located on the South River, but Minuit quickly realized
that this place was not suitable, as in summer there is a high probability of
contracting malaria from mosquitoes, and in winter, the river freezes and water
communication is interrupted. Therefore, as the site for the central residence,
he chose the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the river explored by the
Hudson, and then called the North River. The province was named The Manhattoes,
and the Amsterdam fort was built on the island. The port city outside the
fortress New Amsterdam became the main center of trade between North America,
the Caribbean and Europe.
The next governor of the colony was William Keefts, who held this
post from 1638 to 1647. During his governorship, there was a war with the
Indians, because of the colonist who was killed by the Indians in revenge for
his fellow tribesman, who was also killed by the colonists many years ago.
Keefts decided to teach the Indians a lesson and assembled a "council of
twelve", at which a decision was to be made to go to war with the tribe or
to leave everything as it is and just calm down. Despite the council's
disagreement with Keefts' aggressive attitude, he began fighting, resulting in
heavy casualties on both sides. In addition, the Kefts governorate did not
bring colonies and economic prosperity.
Petrus Stuyvesan arrived in the New Netherlands in 1647 and was
the only governor to be named chief governor. In 1658 he bought the entire
peninsula under the name Neck Bergen. And in 1661 he granted a charter to the
village of Bergen, creating the oldest municipality in the province.
In the other half of colonial New Jersey, New Sweden, events did
not develop as interesting and diverse as in New Netherlands. Founded in 1638,
New Sweden flourished under Governor Johan Björnsson Printz, who ruled the
colony for quite some time, from 1643 to 1653. During his governorship, the
settlement expanded to Fort Christina on both sides of the Delaware River.
Printz was able to improve the settlement's military and commercial position by
building Fort Nya Elfsborg, which is now adjacent to Salem, on the eastern side
of the Delaware River. Several new cities such as Swedesboro and Bridgeport
were established as part of the colony. But in 1665 the Dutch took control of
the entire territory of New Sweden.
In September 1664, the British fleet, commanded by Richard
Nichols, arrived at what is now New York City and captured the Dutch colony.
After taking over the colony, Nichols took over as deputy governor of New
Amsterdam and the rest of New Holland, guaranteeing colonists property rights,
inheritance laws, and freedom of religion. Six years later, England and Holland
were again at war. In August 1673 the Dutch even managed to recapture their
colony for a short time. But a little later, on February 19, 1674, the Treaty
of Westminster was signed, transferring the New Netherlands to England. From
that moment on, the British could officially control the region, which they did
right up to the US War of Independence.
In 1663, King Charles II donated part of the land, located between
New Netherlands and Maryland, to his brother the Duke of York (who later became
King James II). Today it is the territory of New York State. In 1665, James II
donated the land between the Hudson and Delaware to two of his friends who had
been devoted to him throughout the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and
Lord Berkeley. This part of the New Netherlands was named New Jersey, after the
island of Jersey in the English Channel. Both New Jersey owners tried to lure
as many settlers there as possible by guaranteeing ownership of the parcels of
land and issuing a Concession and Agreement - a document granting freedom of
religion to all New Jersey residents. In exchange for land, settlers were
required to pay annual quit-rents. In addition, slavery was allowed on the
territory of the colony. Carteret became the first governor of the colony. He
ordered to make Elizabethtown its capital. However, it soon became difficult
for the owners to collect the receipt, many settlers simply refused to pay it,
so on March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his share in New Jersey to The Quakers.
From that moment on, the Province of Jersey was divided into Eastern and
Western parts - two provinces of the proprietary colony. This division
continued for 26 years from 1674 to 1702. Establishing the exact location of
the border between West and East Jersey has always been a matter of
controversy.
The border reached the Atlantic Ocean north of Atlantic City. Each
part of Jersey had its own governor and its own constitution: The West Jersey
Constitution (adopted in 1681) and The East Jersey Constitution (adopted in
1683). Within the framework of the constitution of East Jersey, in contrast to
West, the creation of a General Council - a colonial assembly was supposed. The
constitution prohibited admitting non-Christians to the Council. New Jersey's
next general constitution would not be adopted until 1776, after the
unification of the two provinces.
On May 7, 1688, New York and both parts of Jersey were annexed to
the New England Dominion, but this union was short-lived. The capital was in
Boston, and New York and both Jersey provinces were under the jurisdiction of a
governor from New York. After the overthrow of Jacob II by William of Orange,
the revolution reached Boston, then the colonists revolted, and the Dominion
was disbanded already in 1689.
On April 17, 1702, under the rule of Queen Anne, both parts of the
possessive colony were united, and New Jersey became a royal colony. Edward
Hyde became the first governor of this now royal colony. However, he was a
terrible and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating in land. In 1708 he
was recalled back to England, and New Jersey was again ruled by the governors
of New York.
In addition to the political and territorial transformations of
the colony, other significant events took place there. So it was during the
colonial period of New Jersey that very important and famous colleges were
founded there. One of them, College of New Jersey (now Princeton University),
was founded in 1746 in Elizabethtown by the New Lighters. And in 1756 he was
moved to Princeton.
This is how the third wonderful US state of New Jersey appeared,
which, in addition to a convenient location, interesting history and
high-quality educational institutions, also has rich vegetation, and in America
it is called the Garden State.
Here he is such an amazing, small world on a large territory of the United States, bringing its zest and uniqueness to the overall history and image of his country. For read more click on whiskey tour.
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